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高一英语知识点:高一(Unit17 Famous women )重难点总结

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  Unit17 Famous women

  一、课文背景知识

  本单元的话题是世界杰出女性

  居里夫人(1877-1934)

  原子能时代的开创者之一,世界上第一个两次诺贝尔奖获得者,二十世纪最有声望的女人—居里夫人。

  癌,这个吞噬人们生命的怪物,在人类历史的长河中,曾几何时奔荡不羁,象战争的罪犯,给人们留下痛苦和死亡。人们无时无刻不在寻找同它斗争的武器。可是,一个世纪又一个世纪地过去了,直到二十世纪初,波兰伟大的科学家玛丽.居里——斯克洛道夫斯卡和她的丈夫埃尔.居里发现了一个新的放射性元素——镭。它可以破坏被病毒侵蚀了的细胞,然后构成新的、健康的细胞组织。这样,镭就成了治癌的有利武器。

  居里夫人历经磨难,但意志坚强,且鄙视名利。她光辉的一生足以照亮她所生活的那个时代。她给我们以深刻的教益和启迪。一次,有一位报社记者前来采访这位科学家,想把她的事迹报道出去。她坚定地回答:“在科学上重要的是研究出来的‘东西’,不是研究者的‘个人’。她还说,”人必须有耐心,特别是要有信心”,我们应该相信,自己对于某种事业有特殊的才干,并且应该不惜任何代价来完成这个事业。”

  有名的学者爱因斯坦曾经这样评价居里夫人:“在我所认识的所有著名人物里面,居里夫人是唯一不为盛名所颠倒的人。”

  Mother Teresa(1990-1997)

  一位天使英雄(angel hero),一生为普通民众行善的修女,有一段评价为证——“on September5, 1997, late in the evening around 9:30 p.m., Mother Teresa goes to Heaven in the Mother house in Calcutta. Totally finished and worn out, as she had given herself totally, wholeheartedly, freely and unconditionally to the poorest of the poor, for the love of jesus."”

  Helen Thayer

  著名的探险家和作家(Adventurer and author),第一位独立到北极,和撒哈拉沙漠的女性(first solo woman to make the North Pole trekking, the first woman to walk across the Sahara Desert)。

  Thayer 有很多精彩的话语,既反映了他的真实心态,也激励着千万人不畏艰难挑战人生。这里仅列举几则——”push on even when it seems impossible." ," A goal is only a dream if you don't have a plan." ;" My journey was like life itself," " We all have our problems as we traver to our goals, but we cai all reach our goals just as I did, one step at a time, never giving up on ourselves. If we reach for the top and believe we can do it, we can all make our dreams come true."; "Age is no barrier to your dreams and goals," ;"We regard our bodies as finely tuned machines that have to be maintained," "Once people start thinking they're over the hill, they are." ;" I like to see what's on the other side of the hill." 。

  Oprah Winfrey

  美国著名电视节目主持人( a successful TV personality,entertainment executive ),她出身黑人家庭,但事业卓群,她的娱乐节目有极高的艺术性,也富有浓郁的人情味,因而被誉为“荧屏常青树”,获得系列殊荣,“Oprah Winfrey was named one of the 100 Most Influential People of the 20th century by Time Magazine,and in 1998 received a lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences。

  When Forbes magazine published its list of America'a billionaires for the year 2003, it disclosed that Oprah Winfrey was the first African-American woman to become a billionaire.

  二、疑难详解

  1. Alone in Antarctica 独自在南极

  [问]alone的含义和用法是怎样的?

  [答]作为形容词,along 意为“单独地,独自地,独一无二的”, 一般用作表语,用在名词或代词之后时为“只有,唯有,仅仅”等, alone还可用作副词,意为“单独;独自”,例如:He was alone in the house .他独自一人在家里。

  I am not alone in thinking so. 并非只有我才这样想的。

  Smith alone knew what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。

  [习惯用法]all alone独自一人,孤零零地; leave sb. (sth.) alone 听其自然,不要去管,让某人(某物)独自留在那儿;let sb. (sth). alone 听其自然,不要去管,让某人(某物)独自留在那儿;leave severely alone 绝对不理,不介入;敬而远之;不再打交道,不再去干;let alone 至于……更不必说;let sb. (sth.)alone 随它去;不干涉(打扰);stand alone in 在……方面独一无二。

  2. What else, but a journey at the opposite and of the world. Antarctica. 除了在世界的另一端即南极旅行,还能做什么别的呢?

  [问]此句中but怎么理解?

  [答]but在此句中作介词,相当于except,意为“除……之外”,又如:no one but me 除我以外没别人

  No one but she saw the prowler.除她以外没有一个人看见那个行窃者。传统的语法学家考虑当but用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词,比如No one but I (或者No one but me )has read it 。 有人认为but在这种句子中是个连词,因此应该使用主格I。然而虚度语法雪茄的讨论有些不一致,即当but短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格me比较合适,如No one has read it but me (除我以外没有人读过它)。同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的,并且不会被认为是不正确的。此处,but还可用作连词表示转折,用作副词意为“几乎,仅仅”,如:I was going to write, but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。(连词)

  The job is all but finished!这工作差不多完成了!(副词)

  3. My dog team weren't with me to pull my sled. 我没有群狗来为我拉雪橇。

  [问]本句的主语是my dog team 为什么谓语动词用复数weren't?

  [答]team形式上是单数,但有时候表达复数的含义,谓语动词用复数,在语法上这称做“主谓一致”。试比较:

  Our team is sure to win this game. 我们的球队肯定会赢得这场比赛。

  our team are taking exercise now. 我们的队员正在训练。

  family, group, crowd, class, government, company, population 等作主语时,也应根据“意义一致”的原则,按所表达的含义确定其谓语动词形式。

  4. Another journey of challenge and danger was about to began. 又一次挑战和危险的旅行即将开始。

  [问]be about to do sth. 是什么意思?

  [答]be about to 是一种将来时表达法,表示最近的将来,意思为“正要……”“即将……”。需要注意的是,若句子中有具体的时间状语则不能用be about to, 而要用be going to, 如:

  When I saw Mary, she was about to get on the bus. 我看到玛丽时,她正要上车。

  Hurry up!They are going to finish the work in five minutes. 快点!他们五分钟就做完了。

  此外,“be to do sth,"亦可表示“按计划或那派将要做某事”。如:

  We are to have to meeting this afternoon. 我们今天下午要开会。

  5. I had travelled only two hours one day when the winds incresed so much that I had to put my tent up before the winds became too strong. 一天我刚走了两小时,这时风变得太大,我不得不在强风到来之前搭起帐篷。

  [问]此句中的when 是什么用法?so much that 是什么意思?

  [答}when用作连词,意为“正在……的时候”(=at the very moment),如,We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发。这时候就开始下雨了。so... that 意为“如此……以致……”与such...that同义,但so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。例如:He was so hardworking that he was praised by the teacher.他很勤奋,所以受到老师的表扬。

  His arms were so long he could touch the ceiling. 他手臂很长,能摸到天花板。

  The weather was so fine that we all went out for a walk.

  天气这么好,我们都去散步了。

  6. On November 12 the storm lay down. 十一月十二日哪天暴风平息了。

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