Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? (Period 4第四课时)
Class___________ Name___________
语法聚焦及巩固练习
现在完成时:
结构:have/has +动词的过去分词 (肯定式) haven’t/hasn’t +动词的过去分词 (否定式)
用法:
1.“已完成”:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如:I have had breakfast. (现在我不饿了。)
I have already finished my homework. (现在我不用为作业烦心了。)
2.“未完成”:表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态,还可能继续下去。
如果动词是持续性动词,常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间起点”连用。此用法和现在完成进行时的用法相同,故可以相互替换。
但短暂性动词不能和一段时间的时间状语连用。
have/has left—have/has been away have/has arrived—have/has been in
have/has joined—have/has been in/a/an have/has come—have/has been in
have/has died—have/has been dead have/has bought—have/has had/owned
have/has borrowed—have/has kept have/has begun(放映)—have/has been on
have/has opened—have/has been opened
例如:They have lived here for 3 years. = They have been living here for 3 years
How long have you worked in this library? = How long have you been working in this library?
He has left Beijing. / He has been away from Beijing for 5 years.
The man has arrived in China. / The man has been in China since 2000.
标志:already___________ just_______________ ever_____________ never_____________
yet______________ before_____________ for +时间段 since+时间起点
(注意:already, just, ever, never常位于have/has与过去分词之间,
yet常用于疑问句或否定句的句末。)
区分:have been to, have gone to和have been in:
have been to + 地点(______________________________)
have gone to + 地点(______________________________)
have been in + 地点(______________________________)
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较:
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in 1990等。
例如:I have taught here for 8 years.我在这里教书已经8年了。(我现在还在这里教书。)
I taught here for 8 years.我在这里教过8年书。(不涉及现在我是否还在这里教书。)
She has bought a new computer.她买了一台新电脑。(现在她有了一台新电脑)
She bought a new computer last year.去年她买了一台新电脑。(只说明买的动作发生在过去。)
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