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高一英语期末复习资料:Learning a foreign language

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  There is no sense worrying.

  担心没有道理。

  sense作动词是 “感觉到,觉察出”的意思。

  He sensed the approaching disaster.

  他感觉到灾难即将来临。

  Ⅲ.词语辨析

  1.awful,terrible,dreadful,horrible,horrid

  awful具有“由于对某个强大的,伟大的,具有特殊意义的人或事物的尊敬,崇拜和畏惧而引起的骇怕”的隐微含义。有时仅表示“非常的,大的”。

  The band plays the awful music of “Don Juan” before the statue enters.

  在塑像出来之前,乐队奏“唐?璜”中的令人恐怖的音乐。

  She has got an awful lot of work to do.

  她有很多工作要做。

  terrible表示“对某种具有较大力量的东西的惧怕;恐怖的;能使人痛苦的”。

  A terrible fire destroyed six houses.

  可怕的大火烧毁了六所房屋。

  dreadful有“因害怕和恐惧而引起惊恐”的含义。

  Cancer is a dreadful disease.

  癌症是一种可怕的病。

  horrible有“与其说是引起害怕和恐惧的感觉,不如说是引起讨厌和仇恨;可恶的”和“使人憎恶的”等隐含的意义。

  From the fish dealers’ stalls arises a horrible smell.

  在卖鱼摊上冒出一股令人厌恶的气味。

  horrid的意义和形容词horrible相近,隐含有“可恶的,讨厌的”等意义。

  What a horrid nuisance!

  真讨厌!

  2.get,receive,obtain,gain,acquire

  get“得,取得,获得”,具有最广泛的意义,是口语中最普通的用词,不管通过任何方式取到手,都可用get,可以代换本组其他各同义词。

  I went from one place to another but got the same answer everywhere.

  我走了一处又一处,但听到的回答都是一样的。

  receive隐含主体的消极性,如:他只是接受别人送给他的东西(to receive the letter,news,telegram收到信、消息、电报;to receive punishment接受惩罚)。

  On the third day he wrote to her and received an answer.

  第三天他给她写了一封信,并收到了回信。

  obtain“得,得到”,是书面用语,隐含主体的主动性,主体尽了一定的努力,或至少是表示出强烈的愿望才得到了什么;强调达到目的这一事实。

  He obtained much experience through his work.

  他通过工作得到很多经验。

  gain“得,获得”,隐含“要花费力气或通过竞争和斗争才能获得”的意义,并指所得的东西有一定的好处和利益。

  He could hardly gain a livelihood in Paris.

  他在巴黎难以谋生。

  acquire“获得,取得”,通过自己的努力或行为而使原有的东西更多,并成为永久所有;也指慢慢并渐次地获得,如智力等。

  You must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.

  要获得良好的外语知识,你必须努力。

  3.effective,efficient

  effective(adj.)“有效,有效力,生效,有效果”,指得到所希望的结果或产生比较长远的效果,可以用于人或事,用于人时,指所做的事收到一定的效果,有时也指印象深刻或显眼等。

  He is an effective speaker.

  他是个有力的发言者。

  People were deeply impressed with this effective scheme of decoration.

  这个有效的装饰设计给了人们深刻的印象。

  efficient(adj.)“有效率的,得力的,效果好,有能力,有本领”,这个词除了指效果好以外,还含有方法好,做事不太费劲的意味,用于人、事物或行为,但用以形容人时,要指有才干的人。

  Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.

  有效率的管理是降低成本的一个因素。

  An efficient executive,he soon had matters running smoothly.

  他是一个有本领的领导者,很快就使事情顺利进行了。

  Ⅳ.能力训练

  同义句型转换

  1.老师要求学生记住这首诗。

  (1)The teacher asked the students to_______the poem.

  (2)The teacher asked the students to_______the poem.

  (3)The teacher asked the students to_______the poem_______ _______.

  答案:(1)memorize (2)remember(3)learn;by heart

  2.她幻想太多,成绩退步,落人之后。

  (1)She dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.

  (2)She dreamed too much and_______ _______ _______her lessons.

  答案:(1)fell behind in (2)did not know

  3.我今天有许多工作要做。

  (1)I’ve got_______of work to do today.

  (2)I’ve got_______of work to do today.

  (3)I’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.

  (4)I’ve got_______ _______ _______of work to do today.

  (5)I’ve got_______ _______of work to do today.

  答案:(1)piles (2)lots (3)a great deal (4)a large amount (5)large quantities

  4.我们天生有学习语言的能力。

  (1)We are_______with a special ability to learn a language.

  (2)We_______ _______ _______ _______ _______learning a language.

  (3)We have_______ _______ _______to learn a language_______.

  答案:(1)equipped (2)have a natural gift for (3)a special ability;naturally

  5.他们是双胞胎,很少有人能把他们区别开。

  (1)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.

  (2)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.

  (3)They are twins.Few people can_______ _______one and the other.

  (4)They are twins.Few people can_______ _______ _______ _______one and the other.

  (5)They are twins.Few people can_______one_______the other.

  答案:(1)distinct;from (2)tell;from (3)tell apart (4)make a distinction between (5)differentiate;from

  6.他不顾及我在此事上的感受,继续往下说。

  (1)He continued speaking, _______ _______my feeling on the matter.

  (2)He continued speaking, _______ _______ _______ _______my feeling on the matter.

  答案: (1)regardless of (2)paying no attention to

 

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