高三英语知识点：理解题型破解

　　例如：2006年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇

　　The flag, the most common symbol(象征) of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.

　　The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive(原始的)artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years' development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.

　　….

　　These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.

　　75. What will the author most probably talk about next?

　　A. The role of China in the spread of the national flag.

　　B. The second ancestor of the national flag.

　　C. The use of modern flags in Europe.

　　D. The importance of modern flags.

　　【分析】本题属于结构题中的预测后文类型。文章首段很明显是对“flag”做了一个整体介绍，而从第2段开始推出文章要介绍的主要内容“national flag”，同时，根据第2段尾句可知national flag有两个ancestors。再结合尾段内容，特别是尾段最后一句“where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag”，很容易推测出作者即将要讲到的内容，另外一种 ancestor。所以选B。

　　五、推理题

　　推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题时，都要以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推理得出的答案，即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。具体在解题时就是：根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索找到原文的相关句，读懂原句后，对照选项进行比较，其中对相关原句进行同义改写或综合概括的一项即为正确答案。

　　针对推理题的不同形式，可以采取以下做法：

　　1、假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或多句)，然后做出推理;

　　2、假如题干中无线索，如题干为“It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that ______”等，先快速浏览一下4个选项，根据常识等排除不太可能的选项，然后在剩余的选项中找到关键词，回到原文寻找其相关句并做出推理;

　　3、如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer、conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处);假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，则此时应找段落主题所在处;如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，则需要寻找与这些结论相关的文中原句。

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