高考英语语法学习点拨

　　定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力， 现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：

　　一、疑问句中考查定语从句

　　1. is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

　　a. where b. the one c. on which d. /

　　【解析】答案是d。

　　命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

　　二、倒装句中考查定语从句

　　2. we came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.

　　a. which b. that c. / d. where

　　【解析】正确答案是d。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

　　三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

　　3. the second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

　　a. of which b. where c. to do d. that

　　4. why can't you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

　　a. which b. on which c. when d. where

　　【解析】正确答案分别是d和a。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。

　　四、添加插入语或状语

　　5. the scientist has made another discovery, _______ i believe is of great importance.

　　a. that b. / c. which d. why

　　【解析】应选择c。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：i think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

　　五、插入非谓语动词

　　6. is this the man ________ you want to have ________

　　the radio for me?

　　a. who; repaired b. that; repaired

　　c. whom; repairing d. that; repair

　　【解析】d项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：you want to have the man repair the radio for me.

　　小试牛刀：

　　1. was it in the shop ________ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?

　　a. / b. where c. that d. when

　　2. thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house.

　　a. when b. / c. why d. where

　　3. is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer?

　　a. who b. which c. where d. in which

　　4. the managers discussed the plan ________ they would like to see ________ the next year.

　　a. that; carried out

　　b. who; carried out

　　c. which; carry out

　　d. that; carrying out

　　5. she was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made ________ with lots of spots.

　　a. which; cover

　　b. that; covered

　　c. /; covering

　　d. where; covering

　　6. lincoln, ________ life was once hard, were elected president of american.

　　a. for whom b. who c. to whom d. /

　　key: 1—6 cbaaba

（责任编辑：陈永雷）