高考英语阅读理解词义推断题解题技巧（下）

　　The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King’s baker (面包师)in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery (面包房)into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.

　　The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means　　.

　　A. home　　　　　　B. children　　　　　　　　　　C. wife and husband　　 D. wife and children

　　根据的句子结构，family与baker、wife、之间应该是并列关系，表示同类概念，即“家人”。Home是“家庭”，不是“家人”的意思，与baker, wife不是同类概念，可以排除；句子中已经提到 baker 和wife，因此，C、D在概念上与前文重复，也可以排除，因此，只有B才是正确的。又如：

　　A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sum.). At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive(竞争性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.

　　The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres. …

　　The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means ______.

　　A. race　　　　　　　　 B. practice　　　　　　　　　C. part of the training　　 D. part of the tour

　　文段中有三个句子的表述与 leg 的意思相关，即： “…as a training leg”; “…Then the next 55 lilometre leg will be the first competitive part of the tour”; “The second racing leg of the tour…”。从以上的表述来看，leg这个词既含有training的意思，也含有race的意思。A选项只含有“race”的意思、B、C两个选项只含有 training 的意思，只有D选项既含有 race 的意思也含有training 的意思，符合文意，因此，是正确答案。

　　6. 根据文章的背景进行判断。如：

　　JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening.

　　The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. ‘Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!’ said a teacher from Guangdong province.

　　The underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means ______.

　　A. work out　　　　　　　　　B. add up　　　　　　　　　　C. guess　　　　　　　　　　D. study

　　文段叙述的是第五届全国华罗庚杯数学竞赛的获奖情况，划线部分的“them”指的是“many of the problems”，因此，根据文段所叙述的竞赛这一背景，可以断定划线部分的动词应该是计算的意思，只有A选项符合文意，因此，是可能正确的答案。

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　　Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society— one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior (行为)is suitable (合适) at various ages.

　　The underlined word ‘one’ refers to ______.

　　A. a society　　　　　　　　 B. America　　　　　　　　　 C. a place　　　　　　　　　 D. population

　　从结构上看，one与society是同位关系，因此，A选项符合题意，是正确答案。

　　8.根据句子结构进行判断。如：

　　In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem (定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Poly-technique.

　　Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

　　A. To encourage people to raise questions.　　

　　B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

　　C. To provide a person with an explanation.　　　　　

　　D. To limit people’s imagination.

　　在“the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds”这个句子中，并列连词and起着很重要的提示作用，因为它意味着被它连接起来的两个动词在意义上有一致性。“had beaten the finest mathematical minds”可以理解为“击败了一些顶级的数学家”，而这个定理之所以可以“击败一些顶级的数学家”不外乎是因为它太难了，因此我们可以顺理成章地把baffle与difficult联系在一起。我们可以试图这样理解这句话“这个定理难住并击败了一些顶级的数学家”。四个选项中B选项最接近这个意思，所以，它是一个正确的可能性最大的选项。又如：

　　A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

　　What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?

　　A. a party designed by specialists

　　B. a plan requiring careful thought

　　C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

　　D. a demand made by guests

　　根据“A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun”，这两个分句之间的转折关系我们可以推断出“hassle”与“fun”应该是一对反义词。A、B、D 三个选项与这个判断都不吻合，只有C选项与这个判断比较一致，因此，C选项是唯一可能正确的答案。

　　以上所叙只是推测、判断词义的一些基本规律。要提高这方面的阅读能力，最主要的还是靠自己进行大量的阅读，在阅读实践中不断总结经验，找出其中的规律，并且融会贯通地运用它们指导自己的阅读。

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