高二英语第十九单元A Freedom Fighter

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我梦想有一天，所有谷地会升高，所有山陵将夷平，崎岖不平之地变为平原，所有险阻化为康庄大道，上帝的光辉显现，让所有人类一齐瞻仰。这就是我们的希望。这就是我带回南方的信念。怀着这个信念，我们能够把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。怀着这个信念，我们能够将我国种族不和的喧嚣变为一曲友爱的乐章。怀着这个信念，我们能够一同工作，一同祝祈祷，一同奋斗，一同入狱，一同为争取自由而斗争，因为我们知道我们终将得到自由。
This will be the day, when all of God\'s children will be able to sing with new meaning, “My country is of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing, Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims\' pride, from every mountain side, let freedom ring.” And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
在自由到来的那一天，上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支歌：“我的祖国，美丽的自由之乡，我为您歌唱。您是父辈逝去的地方，您是最初移民的骄傲，让自由之声从每一座山峦响起来。”如果美国是伟大的民族，这一天一定会到来。
【思维体操】
表示动作的动词本来可以在句中直接充当谓语动词，但英美却偏爱用 “ 及物动词 + 与动作动词意义相当的名词 ” 来取代这种单个的谓语动词。如说 “ 演讲 ” ，不用 speak , 而用 make a speech;说 “ 吸烟 ” ，不用 smoke，而用 have a smoke;说 “ 散步 ” 不用 walk , 而用 take a walk 。钱歌川先生说，这样做， “ 洋味浓厚 ” 。也有人说这是为了更有效地强调句中的谓语部分，是为了更好地体现 “ end - focus ( 末端中心 ) ” 的语义规则，并避免主语部分过长、谓语部分过短的句子结构失衡现象。这类表达方式在中学课本中常常可以见到。如：
store → make store ，smoke → have a smoke，breather → take a breath，draw → do drawing，explain → give an explanation to，promise → make a promise，use → make use of record → keep a record of，visit → pay a visit to，sit → take a seat，decide → make a decision bathe → take a bath，copy → make a copy of，affect → have an effect on，talk → give a talk
请口译下列句子，并注意划线的短语动词：
1 . It\'s likely that the manager will make a decision soon .
2 . He has made a copy of the agreement between him and the manager .
3 . Prof . Yuan Longping is giving a talk about the science of farming which he has developed .
4 . I think it will be necessary for me to pay you a visit and see where you live .
5 . On August 28 , 1963 King made a speech to thousands of black people . That speech immediately became world - famous .
6 . Take a deep breath and I\'ll time you .
7 . The squirrel is an animal which makes secret food stores for the winter .
8 . The athlete not only wants to keep his record of high jump , but also desires to break it .
9 . They make a promise that they will never quarrel with each other again .
10 . Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect on the blood .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
whose 与 of which 的区别
我们经常可以看到引导定语从句的关系代词 whose 与 of which 相互替代。那么是不
是在任何情况下二者都可以互相替换呢 ? 它们之间的区别是什么 ?
〖思维〗1 . 形式不同。如：
The house _______ windows face south is our reading - room .
A . of which B . whose C . which D . its
此题正确答案是B，不能选择A。选择 of which 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the，也就是说如果名词前有 the 就只能用 of which。如果名词前没有冠词，就用 whose。如上句题干改为：The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room . 此题就只能选择答案A而不能选择B了。
2 . whose 即可以指人，又可以指物，而 of which 只能用来指物。如：
The boss in whose department looked down upon women .
The house whose roof was damaged now has been repaired .
上面第一句不可用 of which 来改写，第二句可以。可写成：The house of which the roof was damaged has now has been repaired .
3 . of which 除了可以表示所属关系外，还可以用来表示整体的关系，而 whose 则不能。
He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant .
In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women .
第一句中的 of which 就可以用 whose 来代替。因为这个句子中 of 是用来表示所属关系。可改写成：He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant。而第二句中的 of which 就不要用 whose 来替。因为这个句子中的 of 不是表示所属关系，而是表示整体与部分的关系。
4 . 引导非限制性定语从句多用 whose，而很少用表示所属关系的介词 of 加上关系代词 which。如：
There is a mysterious lake at the foot the hill , whose depth has never been
measured . 山脚下有个神秘的湖，其深度从未测量过。
如介词 of 不表示所属关系，而是用来表示整体与部分的关系。此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如；
There are 102 elements found in nature , of which most are metals .
The stories about the Long march , of which this is one example , are well written .
特殊的连系动词
be 是最常见的连系动词。除 be 之外，还有一些动词，从表面上看像是地地道道的实义动词，而实际上却具有系动词的某些特征。这些动词后面也可以跟形容词或名词等作表语。 请比较下面两例：
The sun is hot . 太阳很热。
The sun shines hot . 太阳火辣辣地照着大地。
句中的 is 是连系动词，不是实义动词；句中的 shines 则为特殊连系动词，本身具有实义，只是在译成汉语时，它的词义不一定直译出来。
再比较下面两例：
They are our friends .
They stand our friends .
句中的 are 是连系动词；stand 是 “ 特殊连系动词 ” ，有 “ 竖持不动摇，仍然是 ” 之意。
可见， “ 特殊连系动词 ” 具有双重性能，即连系动词性能和实义动词性能。
常见的 “ 特殊连系动词 ” 可分为三类：
1. 表示 “ 变成某种状态 ” 意义的系动词：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , make , prove , run , shine , turn , turn out , wear , work。例如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger .
This great prediction has come true .
One after another , the three of them fell asleep .
Please don\'t get angry .
Xiang Lin\'s wife finally went mad .
You have grown so tall .
The instrument has proved most useful .
Their money was running short .
After the heated discussion many facts shone clear .
When she saw this , her face turned red .
He used to be a teacher till he turned writer .
The day turned out fine .
The cloth is wearing thin .
The button worked loose . 钮扣松了。
2. 表示 “ 保持某种状态 ” 意义的系动词：continue , die , go , hold , keep , lie , live , remain , rest , return , sit , stand , stay。例如：
I hope the weather will continue fine .
He went a child but returned a veteran worker .
The nation\'s unemployment rate held steady at 9 . 8 percent in August .
Why do you keep silent ?

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