[高考英语]短文改错的改错切入点

　　(1) 多一介词或副词

　　① 有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中是及物动词，可能多一个介词。如：serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her

　　② 有些动词可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一个介词。如：join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch

　　③ 有些“动词 + 介词”形式的动词后面没有宾语时，后面的介词是多余的。如：

　　He looked at but could see nothing.

　　How are you getting on with?

　　④ 有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词，但接that从句时，必须去掉介词。如：agree to it, 但 agree to that...; be sure of it, 但be sure of that…; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that…

　　⑤ 有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词，组成了复合介词，若后面没有接宾语时，最后的介词则是多余的。如：

　　If you won’t go, I’ll go instead of.

　　He walked out of.

　　⑥ 有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词，如果后接从句，of 是多余的。如：Because of he was ill…

　　⑦ 地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to，如果再用 to则是多余的。如：on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home

　　⑧ last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面用介词是多余的。

　　⑨ 有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词，如：stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来), return back(归来，回来), repeat again (复述)

　　⑩ 有些动词在一种用法中要加副词，而在另一种用法中加副词则是多余的。如：build up our country, 但 build up railways

　　(2) 多一连词

　　① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词，如：though… but; because… so; the more… and the more

　　② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如：

　　Sitting down and he began to work.

　　Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting.

　　③ 从属连词后多一 that。如：because that… since that…, unless that…

　　④ 复合宾语前多一 that。如：

　　I heard that him say it.

　　I found that her lying on the ground.

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　　Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.

　　② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如：

　　I know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)

　　The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)

　　③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代，再用代词则是多余的。如：

　　She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.

　　I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.

　　④ 用不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组，后面再用代词是多余的。如：

　　The tea is too hot to drink it.

　　He is a good comrade to work with him.

　　⑤ 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语，再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如：

　　This question is too difficult to answer it.

　　The house is nice to live in it.

　　⑥ 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中，加上代词作主语是多余的。如：

　　He took notes while he reading.

　　If it heated, ice turns to water.

　　(4) 多一助动词

　　① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，用 will, would 是多余的。如：

　　If he will try hard, he will succeed.

　　I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.

　　② be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来，用 will, would 是多余的。如：

　　I make sure that you will come early.

　　③ 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。如：

　　Would you tell me what do you want?

　　④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如：

　　The game was over, he went home.

　　She smiled, tears were still running down her face.

　　(5) 多一冠词

　　① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)

　　② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train

　　③　表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis

　　④ 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park

　　⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。如：at the first, at the last, the most of us

　　⑥ most 作“非常”解时，前面用 the 是多余的。如：

　　Oh! It’s the most beautiful!

　　She is the most diligent.

　　⑦ 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如：the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day

　　⑧ 在“名词 + as / though…”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：a child as he is / a fool as he is

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　　He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.

　　The match ∧ (is) over.

　　② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：

　　He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.

　　③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：

　　We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.

　　They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.

　　④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：

　　Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

　　Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.

　　Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.

　　(5) 缺一冠词

　　① 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：

　　He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.

　　This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.

　　② 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：

　　Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.

　　③ many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.

　　④ 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：

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