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[高考英语]短文改错的改错切入点

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  It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.

  There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.

  ⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时,用 a (an), 如:

  He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.

  ∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.

  ⑥“形容词比较级 + of the two…”前必须用 the。如:

  He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.

  (6) 缺小品词 to

  ① 不定式充当各种成分,一般都不能缺少 to。如:

  She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.

  He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.

  I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.

  ② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时,充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如:

  She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.

  The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.

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  错一词的情况最为复杂,大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。

  (1) 虚词选择错误

  ① 介词或副词选择错误:这种情况极为复杂,各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考:before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。

  ② 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如:because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。

  ③ 感叹句用词选择错误:how / what。

  ④ 冠词选择错误:a / an, a (an) / the。

  (2) 实词词形错误

  ① 名词词形错误:名词的单复数形式,特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格,特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格,如:the children’s;名词所有格的绝对形式。如:My son is older than my elder brother’s. (from www. nmet168.com)

  ② 动词词形错误:不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误,特别注意几组易于混淆的词,如:lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择,特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式,必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择,是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。

  ③ 形容词与副词词形错误:是用原级、比较级还是最高级,是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和最高级。

  ④ 词性选择错误:不同的词性充当不同的句子成分,要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能,不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意:连系动词后常用形容词充当表语,而不用副词。如:He feels cold. 作状语用副词,而不用形容词。如:He works well.

  (3) 同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误

  这里举一些常见的例子:

  accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice

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