高一英语第八单元Food Around The World (世界上的食物)

标签：高一英语必修2教案,高一英语下学期教案,高中英语教案,http://www.jiaoshi66.com 高一英语第八单元Food Around The World (世界上的食物),
我决不会忘记在海边工作的那个暑假。
3 . He is going to work on the island which / that needs him most .
他打算到最需要他的那座岛上去工作。
4 . He is going to work on the island where he is most needed .
他打算到那座岛上去工作，那里最需要他。
分析：在例1句子中，关联词 which / that 在从句中作及动动词 spent 的宾语，可省略；在例2句中，关联词 when 在从句中作时间状语；在例3中，关联词 which\'that 在从句中作主语，不能省略；在例4句子中，关联词 where 在从句中作地点状语。
结论：定语从句的重点是如何选择关联词(关系代词或关系副词)。若关联词在从句中作状语，就应使用关系副词；否则就应使用关系代记号。关系副词 when , where , why 的使用，并不决定于其先行词是表时间、地点或原因的词，而是取决于关联词在从句中充当哪种语法成分。只有当关联词在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语时，才能分别使用关系副词 when , where , why 或者用 in / at / on which 代替 when , 用 in / at which 代替 where , 用 for which 代替 why；若关联词在从句中作主语、宾语，则应用关系代词 which 或 that。
练习：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1 . I still remember the day ____ I first came to the college .

高一英语第八单元Food Around The World (世界上的食物)由www.jiaoshi66.com收集及整理,转载请说明出处www.jiaoshi66.com
www.jiaoshi66.com A . on which B . in which C . at which D . which
2 . They wll never forget the day ____ they got married .
A . that B . which C . in which D . when
3 . He makes good use of the time ____ he can spare .
A . when B . that C . in that D . in which
4 . The factory ____ his mother works is in the east of the city .
A . that B . which C . on which D . where
5 . The place ____ interested me most was the Children\'s Palace .
A . which B . where C . what D . in which
6 . That is the reason ____he wasn\'t here yesterday .
A . why B . which C . on which D . in which
7 . That is the reason ____ he can\'t say .
A . why B . that C . what D . in which
答案与解析：
1 . A on which 可用 when 代替，在定语从句中起时间状语的作用。 2 . D 关系副词 when 在从句中作时间状语，可用 on which 代替。 3 . B 关系代词 that 在定语从中作及物动词 spare 的宾语，可用 which，也可省略。 4 . D 关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语，可用 in which 代替。 5 . A 关系代词 which 在从中作主语，可用 that 代替。 6 . A 关系副词 why 在从中作原因状语，可用 for which 代替。 7 . B 关系代词 that 在从句中作及物动词 say 的宾语，可用 which 代替，也可省略。
　
● 谈谈被动语态的三种特殊情况
主动语态变被动语态的“三步曲”是：一、将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；二、谓语动词改为被动形式；三、如需强调动作的执行者；用介词 by 引出。那么，下面的三个问题也值得我们重视。
一、不可变为被动语态的主动语态
1 . 宾语为抽象名词或处所名词。如：
She always worries about her health . 她总是担心她的健康。
His friends left Beijing by train yesterday . 昨天他的朋友们坐火车离开了北京。
2 . 宾语为反身代词或相互代词。如：
They are teaching themselves English . 他们正在自学英语。
We should learn from each other . 我们应该互相学习。
3 . 宾语为行为者身上的某部位或某器官。如：
At last he put his hands up .
4 . 宾语为表示某组织机构的词组。如：
His father joined the Party two years ago . 他父亲两年前入了党。
5 . 谓语部分为一个不可分割的动词短语。如：
Then he made faces and jumped like a monkey . 接着他做鬼脸并象猴子一样地跳。
二、常用主动语态表示被动意义的动词
英语中有一些动词，常和表示行为方式的状语连用，可以用主动语态表示在逻辑上似乎应该用被动语态表示的概念。如：
This pen writes well . 这笔很好写。
pen (笔) 怎么能自己 write (写)呢 ? 这有点不合逻辑。从语法和逻辑角度看，This pen is written well . 似乎更正确。可英美人很少这样说。他们一般都说 This pen writes well . 他们认为这样更简略、更自然、更合乎习惯。
1 . 这类动词常见的有 open , look , read , write , smell , taste , sound , cook , wash , fill 等。如：The door opens to the south . 这道门是朝南开的。
This kind of cloth washes very well . 这种布很耐洗。
This book sells well . 这书很好销。
2 . 这类动词短语常见的有：take place(=happen) , break out , belong to 等。如：
Great changes have taken place in our country . 我国已发生了巨大的变化。
A fire broke out last night . 昨晚发生了一场火灾。
The books on the desk belong to our teacher . 桌上的书是属于我们老师的。
三、by 短语在被动语态中的省略问题
在被动句中有时用 by 词组，有时不用，这是由多种因素决定的。一般说来，当动作执行者不太清楚，不重要或难以说出时，通常不用 by 词组。但有时为了强调动作执行者或由于上下文和结构上所需则使用 by 词组。
1 . 下列情况下，by 短语不能省略。
①主动语态的主语是句子中的强调成分。如：
Even a child can answer this question . →This question can be answered even by a child .
②省去 by 短语，句子意思不完整或者含糊不清。如：
Miss Gao teaches us English . →We are taught English by Miss Gao .
③主动语态以疑问代词作主语的句子。如：
Who discovered America ? →Who(Whom) was America discover ?
④用英文表达汉语的“被，由，为……所……”等意思。如：
Telephone was invented by Bell .
The boy was beaten by his father .
2 . 下列情况下，by 短语可以省略
①主动语态是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。如：
They completed the building in 1996 . →
The building was completed in 1996 .
②主动语态含有双宾语。如：
He gave me some advice . →
I was given some advice .
Some advice was given (to) me .
③主动语态中含有复合宾语。如：I saw him go downstairs . → He was seen to go downstairs .

高一英语第八单元Food Around The World (世界上的食物)由www.jiaoshi66.com收集及整理,转载请说明出处www.jiaoshi66.com
www.jiaoshi66.com ④主动语态中含有宾语从句。如：I believe that he will keep his word . → He is believed to keep his word . (=It is believed that he will keep his word . )
●被动含义 主动意义
英语中，我们多用 be +v . -ed 结构来表示被动含义；但有时也可用动词的主动形式来表示被动意义。有主动形式表被动意义是一种特殊的语态现象，常见的有：
一、在动词 need , want , require , bear , deserve 等后常用动名词的主动形式表被意义。例如：
① The civil quality of the whole nation needs improving . 全民族的文化素质需要提高。

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