英语作业评语

在英语教学中，我们重视课堂用语，但是忽视作业评语。翻开学生的作业本，看到的多是简单的对、错符 号或分数或等级。几乎没有评语，至多是千篇一律 的All right,OK或Good。许多英语教师改进教学，把大量的 时间用于备课、课堂教学、作业的布置与批改、测验考试等，却想不到花点时间用在学生的作业评语上。作业 评语是英语教学中的一个重要环节，有其自身的特点和功能。我认为，作业评语的重要性会随着人们对"素质 教育"的重视而逐渐被认识。
一、作业评语与课堂用语是英语教学的两个要素。
教师使用课堂用语是为了提高学生的英语口语理解和表达能力，对于知识点 和书面表达的掌握程度则要通 过作业来练习和检验。教师多使用作业评语可以 提高学生的书面理解和表达能力。课堂用语转眼即逝，而作业 评语却能长久保存。在课堂上教师面对的是全班学生，在有限的课堂时间内不可能逐一对学生进行评价。而教 师在批改作业时所面对的是每一位学生的作业，便于因材施教，个别指导。可以说，评语可弥补课堂教学的不足，是师生对话的一种方式。学生阅读作业评语是对语言的实际运用。因为教师在评语中所使用的语言是有实际内容的，即对某个学生及其作业的具体情况所进行的分析或评价，所以很容易被学生理解、接受或效仿。
作业评语所使用的语言应该与学生的语言水平相当。教师可以利用学生已学 的单词、短语、句型、时态、 语态、语气或篇章结构等，也可以用即将接触的语言。这不仅可以评价作业，而且能帮助学生巩固和运用语言 。例如：
1.单词：
Good! Nice! Great! Okay! Lovely! Perfect! Marvelous! Pleasant! Wonderful! Correct! In correct! Careless! Unclear! Untidy!
2.短语：
Very nice! Quite correct! Quite OK (Okay)! Neat and tidy!Well -done ! Well-written! Just so- so. Far from correct. Socareless!
3.句型：
A. That's all right! /That's OK. /That's wrong. /That'sincorrect! B. It is clever of you to do so. /It's nice of you to sayso. /It's careless of you to write this way.
C. You've done so nicely. /You've made such a carelessmistake! D. What good work you've done! /What a good boy you are! How carefully you've worked! /How nice your work is!
E.Try to do better next time! /See what you've done!/Correct your mistakes., /Don't do that again! /Don't be sosilly, John!
F. I find you've made a lot of progress! /I think you canwork more carefully next time. /I' m sorry you've made so manymistakes in your work. G. Your handwriting is not so nice as Maggie's. /You'vedone better than last time. /You c an do best of all if youtry harder.
H. What do you think of your work? /How did you like yourhandwriting? /Isn't your work lo vely? Don't make such acareless mistake again, will you? /Let's try to say correctEnglis h, shall we?
4.时态：
A. John, you've done best of all in your CLaSS! /You'vemade so much progress!
B. You're doing nicely!
C. Your English will become better if you work harder.
D. Now you can do better than you did before.
E. You used to make a lot of mistakes in grammar, but nowyou do more correctly.
5.语态： A. You do your work well. /Your work is well done.
B. You have made great progress in English this term./Your English has been greatly impr oved this term.
6.语气：
A. Your English is excellent.
B. I wish you would work harder. /How I wish you would bemore careful.
C. Pay attention to your spelling. /Keep on and on.
7.篇章：
Diana, you alwasy do well in English. But sometimes you are a little careless. You see, w hat you've done here. You've made such a funny mistake! I think you'll correct it. Try to do yo ur work as carefully as you can. 有些教师认为，作业评语只是对作业本身进行评价，这是一种狭隘的观点。

我认为，作业评语的内容也可 以包括有关学生学习和生活的方方面面，其语言形式更可以千变万化。它们可以是：一个词，例如：
Great! (Perfect! Wonderful! So nice! ...)
一句话，例如：
Anna, what a good girl you are! (How nice your work is!You've done so well! Isn't it great ...)
一则格言，例如：
Practice makes perfect. (Where there's a will, there's away. Time and tide waits for no ma n.)还可以是三言两语的描述或随感，或是提出几个带启发性的问题。只要能帮助学生提高运用英语的能力，掌 握英语知识，激发他们的学习兴趣和积极性，无所不可涉及，各种句式都可运用。
写好作业评语，教师不仅要有相当高的英语知识和灵活运用英语的能力，而且要有一定的文学素养。有时不是教师不想写作业评语，或担心写了学生理解 不了，而是"书到用时方知少"，想写而写不出！
二、作业评语可以实事求是地评价作业，是实施"素质教育"的需要。
长期以来由于受"应试教育"的影响，许多教师热衷于给学生作业打分数或划等级。实践证明，对某些学 生，这样做不仅不能起到鼓励或鞭策的作用，相反还会抑制甚至打击学生的积极性，因为分数和等级的标准往往是片面的和机械的，容易抹杀学生的个性，不能准确地衡量学生的真实成绩，达不到因材施教的目的。而且 ，一般作业也不都适合评分。只有评语才能给学生以恰如其分的评价，使他们真正看到自己已取得的成绩，存在的缺点和努力的方向。
对差生的作业要批评，但更要多鼓励。例如：
Bob, you've made so many mistakes but do better next time. Billy, I think you can do better if you work a little harder. Jenny, be a careful girl and you'll make greater progress. 一份差生的作业中可能有各种各样的语法错误，但是主要内容也许很好或书 法很不错，如被全部地划叉或判为零分，这就如同倒洗澡水把孩子也一起倒掉了一样。而评语则可以起到去粗取精之功用。例如：
I find you're good at expressing yourself. Avoid makingtoo many mistakes in grammar.
You meant well, but try to make your sentences correct.
Sally, you've made so many mistakes here. Try to correctthem. I like your handwriting very much. Keep on.
对优等生的作业表扬中要有指正。教师可通过评语向他们提出更高的要求，如增强创造力等。可以说：
It's good to be correct. It's also important to be creative.
Excellent, Diana! You haven't made any mistakes, but try to make your handwriting nicer.
对中等生的作业应该慎重评价。他们往往是大错不犯，小错不断。在他们的评语中要多点督促，因为这一类学生往往就缺少那么一点"推动力"，如推一推就上去了，松一松便下来了。例如：
You'd better be more careful! Pay more attention to verbsand their uses!
Work harder and then you'll make much progress!
有些学生比较马虎，经常犯拼写错误。对于这类不大不小的问题，一个个批改不仅费力而且没有必要，但 也不能视而不见，提出要求是良方。例如：
Your work is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. ( Try to spell you r words correctly. Avoid misspelling!)
适当地给一则相关的谚语也未尝不可。例如：
A stitch in time saves nine. /Little by little one goes far.
中学生在学习英语的过程中，最大的难题就是动词及其用法。他们往往混用时态，在叙述的时候更是如此 。如："It's Sunday morning. Father was taking Sandy to a park nearby their home. Suestays a t home with mother. She was doing her homework..."
这一段文字虽然时态混乱，但是内容不错，简单地否定或肯定都是不对的，轻则使学生茫然不知所措，重则挫伤他们的学习兴趣和积极性。比较好的方法 是向他们提出要求。例如：
Pay much attention to tenses! ( Don't confuse one tensewith another! If you take your sto ry as a past event, use thePAST TENSE all the way; if you make your story seem to betaking place now, use the PRESENT TENSE. You can't use tensesat random!)
现在的中学生大多为独生子女，过多的要求甚至批评难以奏效，"愉快教 育"才能适应现代化教育发展的 需要。对于那些缺乏良好学习习惯，或学习成 绩有下降趋势的学生，要经常在作业评语中委婉地指出他们的缺 点和不足，并 表达对他们的希望。只要这些希望是真诚的、适时的和有内容的，学生就会从中 理解老师对他们 的信任、关心和爱心，从而转化为学习的动力。

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